RTU Affiliated Engineering Colleges List in 2022: And Code

The list of all affiliated engineering colleges in Rajasthan has been released by RTU quota for the session 2021 - 2022.

RTU Affiliated engineering colleges
RTU Colleges List

When new students come towards Rajasthan to take admission in engineering colleges, they face a lot of problems in college selection.

In such a situation, it is necessary to investigate the college and in the same investigation, I am giving a list of colleges here, with the help of which you will be able to know which college is affiliated by RTU and which colleges are not right for admission in Rajasthan.

This will help the new student to take admission in the 2022-2023 session.

 

List of RTU Affiliated Engineering Colleges in 2022

This is the list of colleges in which I have given you which course is taught in which college and in which college you should apply for admission according to your course.

SN NAME OF INSTITUTES ADDRESS OF INSTITUTES PROGRAMME
1 Aayojan School of Architecture ISI-4 RIICO Institutional Area Sitapura Goner

Road Jaipur-302022

B.Arch.

M.Arch.

2 Acharya Shree Nanesh Samta Mahavidhyalaya Nanesh Nagar Danta Tehsil-Kapasan Distt-

Chittorgarh-312202

MCA
3 Advait Vedanta Institute of Technology Adved Knowledge Park Kanota-Sambhariya Road Village Gangarampura Tehsil-Bassi Dist. Jaipur-

303903

B.Tech.
4 Aishwarya Institute of Management & Information Technology 1-4D Block, Adarsh Nagar, University Road, Udaipur-313001 MBA MCA
5 Anand International College of Engineering 814, Near Kanota Agra Road Jaipur-303012 B.Tech.
6 Apex Institute of Engineering & Technology ISI-5 RIICO Institutional Area Sitapura Jaipur-

302022

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

7 Apex Institute of Management & Science Sector-5 V. T. Road Mansarovar Jaipur-302020 MBA MCA
8 Aravali Institute Of Technical Studies Umarada Railway Station Udaipur-313015 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MCA

9 Arya College of Engineering & Information Technology SP-42 Kukas Industrial Area (RIICO) Delhi Road

Kukas Jaipur-302028

B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

10 Arya College of Engineering & Research Centre SP-40 Kukas Industrial Area (RIICO) Kukas

Jaipur-302028

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

11 Arya Institute of Engineering Technology & Management F-29 Omaxe City Phase-II Jaipur Ajmer Express

Highway Jaipur Rajasthan-302026

B.Tech.
12 Arya Institute of Engineering & Technology SP-40 Kukas Industrial Area (RIICO) Kukas

Jaipur-302028

B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

13 Asians Institute of Technology Post-Luhara, Tahsil-Neewai, Tonk-304019 B.Tech.
14 Bal Krishna Institute of Technology IPC-15 RIICO Institutional Area Ranpur Kota

Rajasthan-324005

B.Tech.
15 Baldev Ram Mirdha Institute Of Technology (East

Campus)

ITS-3 IT Park EPIP Sitapura Jaipur-302022 B.Tech.
16 Biff & Bright College of Engineering & Technology Village & Post - Padasoli NH-8 Dudu Distt-Jaipur

-303008

B.Tech.
17 Biff & Bright College of Technical Education Village & Post - Padasoli NH-8 Dudu Distt-Jaipur

-303008

MBA
18 Biyani Institute of Science & Management R-4 Sectior-3 Vidhyadhar Nagar Jaipur -302039 MBA MCA
19 Buddha Institute of Architecture & Town Planning Seth Ji Ki Kundal Nh-8 Near Iim, Balicha Udaipur- 313001 B.Arch.
20 Chandrawati Group of Institutions NH-11 Opposite Ghana National Park Bharatpur - 321001 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA BHMCT

21 Compucom Institute of Information Technology & Management SP-5 EPIP RIICO Industrial Area Sitapura Jaipur- 302022 MCA
22 Compucom Institute of Technology & Management SP-3, 5, 5A, EPIP, RIICO Industrial Area Sitapura Jaipur-302022 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

23 Dr. Radhakrishnan Institute of Technology Kalwara Near Mahendra World City (Sez) Ajmer Road Jaipur-302037 B.Tech.
24 Geetanjali Institute of Technical Studies Airport Road Dabok, Taluka Mavli, Udaipur- 313022 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA MCA

25 Global Institute of Technology ITS-1 IT Park EPIP Sitapura Jaipur-302022 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

26 Govt. Engineering College Village-Manchi, Tahshil-Karauli, Near Mega

Highway, Karauli-322241

B.Tech.
27 Govt. Engineering College Village & Tehsil-Surajpura, Dholpur-328001 B.Tech.
28 Govt. Engineering College Govt. Polytechnic College Baran, NH-27, Village- Batavadi, Tehsil-Antah, Baran(Raj.)-325202 B.Tech.
29 Govt. Engineering College Behind Mayur Mill Kupda Dungarpur Road

Banswara-327001

B.Tech.
30 Govt. Engineering College Village Shyorana Near NH-11, Bharatpur-321303 B.Tech.
31 Govt. Engineering College Village-Chandlai Sunel Road Tehsil- Jhalarapatan

Distt. - Jhalawar-326023

B.Tech. MBA
32 Gurukul Institute of Engineering & Technology IPB-13 RIICO Institutional Area Ranpur Kota- 325003 B.Tech. M.Tech.
33 IILM Academy of Higher Learning Jaipur, Campus 35/95 Kumbha Marg RHB Colony Sector-10 Pratap nagar Sanganer Jaipur-302033 MBA
34 International School of Informatics & Management Sector-12 Mahaveer Marg Mansarovar Jaipur- 302020 MBA MCA
35 Jagannath Gupta Institute of Engineering & Technology Plot No. IP-2&3 Phase IV Sitapura Industrial Area Opp. Chokhi Dhani Jaipur-302022 B.Tech.
36 Jaipur Engineering College SP-43 RIICO Industrial Area Kukas Jaipur-

303101

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

37 Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre Sri Ram Ki Nangal, Via-Vitika, Opp. EPIP Gate,

Tonk Road, Jaipur-302022

B.Tech.
38 Jaipur Institute of Engineering and Management NH-8 Jaipur - Ajmer Highway Village - Gadota

Jaipur-303007

B.Tech.
39 Jaipur Institute of Technology - Group of Institutions Newta - Kalwara Road Kalwara Sanganer Distt. -

Jaipur -303007

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

40 Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering ISI-16, RIICO Institutional Complex, Kautilya Circle, Sitapura, Jaipur -302022 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

41 Khandelwal Vaish Girls Institute of Technology Hanuman Nagar Block - E Vaishali Nagar Jaipur - 302006 MBA
42 M. L. V. Textile & Engineering College Pratap Nagar Pur Road Bhilwara--311001 B.Tech.

M.Tech.

43 Maharani Girls Engineering College Kalwara Near Mahendra World City (Sez) Ajmer

Road Jaipur-302037

B.Tech.
44 Maharishi Arvind Institute of Engineering & Technology Sector-7 Madhyam Marg Mansarovar Jaipur-

302020

B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

45 Maharishi Arvind Institute of Science and Management Ambabari Circle Ambabari Jaipur-302023 MCA
46 Maharishi Arvind Institute of Science and Management

(PGDM)

Ambabari Circle Ambabari Jaipur-302023 MBA
47 Maharishi Arvind International Institute of Technology IPA-1 RIICO, Institutional Area, Jhalawar Road,

Ranpur Kota-325003

B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

48 Maharishi Arvind School of Management Studies Sector-2, Kaverapath, Mansarovar, Jaipur-302020 MBA
49 Mahatma Gandhi Engineering College Bada Padampura Road Shivdaspura Tonk Road

Jaipur-303903

B.Tech.
50 Modi Institute of Management & Technology Modi Education Complex Dadabari Extension

Kota-324009

MBA MCA
51 Modi Institute of Technology Nayagaon Rawatbhata Road Post Office-Borabas

Kota-324001

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

52 Nathdwara Institute of Engineering & Technology Upali Oden Nathdwara Distt. - Rajsamand (Raj.)-

313301

B.Tech.
53 Om Kothari Institute of Management & Research A-1 Special I.P.I.A. Jhalawar Road Kota-324005 MBA
54 Pacific Business School Chitrakoot Nagar Bhuwana Scheme, Phase-1

Udaipur-313001

MBA
55 Pacific College of Engineering P.B. No. 12, Pratap Nagar Extension Airport Road

Udaipur-313003

B.Tech.
56 Pinkcity Engineering College & Research Centre Gawar Jatan, Sanganer Jaipur-303905 B.Tech.
57 Poddar Management and Technical Campus Gram - Fatehpuravas Vatika, Tehsil Chaksu, Jaipur-

303901

MBA
58 Poornima College of Engineering ISI-6 RIICO Institutional Area Goner Road Sitapura Jaipur-302022 B.Tech. M.Tech.
59 Poornima Group of Institutions - Faculty of Engineering & Faculty of Management BT-1 Bio-Technology Park RIICO Sitapura Jaipur-302022 B.Tech.
60 Poornima Institute of Engineering & Technology ISI-2 RIICO Institutional Area Goner Road Sitapura Jaipur-302022 B.Tech.
61 Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women Bhankrota Ajmer Road Jaipur-302026 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA MCA

62 Rajasthan Engineering College Somnath Nagar,Ganeshpura Road, Dausa-303303 B.Tech.
63 Rajasthan Institute of Engineering & Technology Village-Aachoda PO-Samelpura, Chittor-Kota

Highway, Chittorgarh-312001

B.Tech.
64 Rajasthan Institute of Engineering & Technology Bhankrota Ajmer Road Jaipur-302026 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA MCA

65 Rajasthan Technical University, Kota Akelgarh Rawatbhata Road Kota-324010 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

66 Rajdhani Engineering College Rohini Nagar Phase - I Sanganer Renwal Road

Jaipur-303904

B.Tech.
67 Regional College for Education Research & Technology ISI-17 RIICO Institutional Area Sitapura Jaipur- 302022 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA MCA

68 S. S. College of Engineering Jamar Kotra Road, Post-Umarda, Panchayat-

Kanpur, Udaipur-313001

B.Tech.
69 S. S. Jain Subodh P. G. College Rambagh Circle Jaipur-302004 MCA
70 S.S. Jain Subodh Management Institute Sector-5 Shiprapath Mansarovar Jaipur-302020 MBA
71 Sawai Madhopur College of Engineering and Technology Village-Thingla Sawai Madhopur Rajasthan-

322001

B.Tech.
72 School of Architecture Apex Group of Institutions IS-2018 Ramchandrapura Industrial Area Sitapura (Extn.) Jaipur-302022 B.Arch.
73 Shankara Institute of Management SP-44 RIICO Industrial Area Kukas Jaipur- 302028 MBA
74 Shankara Institute of Technology SP-44 RIICO Industrial Area Kukas Jaipur-

302028

B.Tech. MBA

MCA

75 Shankara International School of Management & Research SP-41C RIICO Industrial Area Kukas Jaipur- 302028 MBA
76 Shiv Charan Mathur Institute of Management &

Technology

Pathik Nagar Bilwara (Raj.)-311001 MBA
77 Shree Bhawani Niketan Institute of Technology & Management Shree Bhawani Niketan Shiksha Samiti Campus Maharao Shekha Circle, Near Chomu Pulia, Sikar Road, Jaipur-302023 B.Tech.
78 Shri Digamber Institute of Technology NH-11, Mitrapura, Bhandarej Mode, Dausa-303501 B.Tech.

M.Tech.

79 Shrinathji Institute of Technology & Engineering Upali Oden Nathdwara, Rajsamand-313301 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

80 Sine International Institute of Technology Balawala -Lakhna Road Via Sanganer Bazar Jaipur-302029 B.Tech.
81 Sri Balaji College of Engineering & Technology Village-Macheda, Tehsil-Ajmer, Benad Road Dadi Ka Phatak Jaipur-302013 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MCA

82 Stani Memorial College of Engineering & Technology Phagi Jaipur-303005 B.Tech.
83 Sunrise Group of Institution Near Bari Mata-Mandir, Tehsil-Girwa, Udaipur-

313002

MBA
84 Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Management

& Gramothan

Ramnagaria Jagatpura Jaipur-302017 B.Tech.

M.Tech. MBA

85 Swami Vivekanand Institute of Management & Technology Maa Saraswati Campus Near Jatwara Bridge Jaipur - Agra Highway Gothra Tehsil-Bassi Distt-

Jaipur-303305

MBA
86 Techno India NJR Institute of Technology Plot-SPL-T Bhamashah Industrial Area Kaladwas Udaipur-313003 B.Tech. M.Tech.
87 Tirupati College of Technical Education #262, Sector-26 Pratap Nagar Sanganer Jaipur-

302033

MBA
88 Vedant College of Engineering & Technology Village-Tulsi Post-Jhakmund Distt- Bundi -

323021

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

89 Vedic Gurukul Institute of Engineering & Technology Gram-Pawalia, Tehsil-Sanaganer, Khasra Number-

173-180,247,249, Distt.-Jaipur-302014

B.Tech.
90 Vision School of Management Bojunda, Udaipur Road P. Box No. 23 Chittorgarh- 312001 MBA
91 Vivekanand Institute of Technology Sisyawas NRI Road Jagatpura Jaipur-303012 B.Tech.
92 Yagyavalkya Institute of Technology IP-1, Phase-IV, RIICO Industrial Area, Sitapura,

Tonk Road, Jaipur-302022-302022

B.Tech.

M.Tech.

 

 

Is it fine to take admission in rtu affiliated engineering colleges?

There are only a few colleges in (Rajasthan Technical University) RTU affiliated engineering colleges list where placement is good or colleges work on calling companies for placement.

There are some top colleges in those colleges like Jaipur Engineering College's placement is very good, after that the place comes skit Engineering College Jaipur.

After these two colleges come to the name of Poornima Engineering College, whose placement is good, apart from this, the placement of all the colleges is not good.

That's why you should check thoroughly before admission.

 

 

RTU Project Ideas: Computer Science Final Year Students

Here i am giving you some best Rajasthan Technical University Based project ideas or rtu project ideas for computer science and engineering final year students which will help you to choose the best and effective project in you last academic semester of exam.

RTU Best Project ideas 2020

Here some rtu project ideas and topic are give according to the project and areas of subject, You can choose rtu project ideas according to your choice and start implementing it.

RTU Project ideas for Machine Learning Based Project


  1. Movies Recommendation System
  2. Personalized Product Recommendation in Shopping Portal
  3. Iris Flowers Classification Project.
  4. Housing Prices Prediction Project.
  5. MNIST Digit Classification Project.
  6. Stock Price Prediction using Machine Learning.
  7. Fake News Detection Project.
  8. Bitcoin Price Predictor Project.
  9. Uber Data Analysis Project.
  10. Credit Card Fraud Detection Project.

 

RTU Project Ideas for Cloud Computing Based Project


  1. eBug Tracker – Bug Tracking System Project.
  2. Android Offloading Computation Over Cloud.
  3. Secure Text Transfer Using Diffie Hellman Key Exchange Based on Cloud.
  4. University Campus Online Automation Using Cloud Computing.
  5. Intelligent rule-based phishing websites classification Based on URL Features.

 

Mobile Application Development Based Project


  1. Augmented reality app that helps you design your room.
  2. Scan and convert to pdf app.
  3. Health check-up and food planner app.
  4. Railway tracking app.
  5. Language learning app.
  6. Voice translation app.
  7. Bike servicing app.
  8. Call recording app.

 

RTU Project Ideas for Web Application Based Project


  1. Youtube Radio. This can be the best web app project ideas to make money at a very low investment.
  2. AI-Based Browser Cookies.
  3. Machine Learning Based Astrology.
  4. Chatbot Hosting.
  5. Best Web App Ideas.
  6. Blockchain based Medical Support Platform.
  7. Childtube.
  8. Business Advisor.

 

Best Ideas for Data Science Based Project


  1. Character Recognition.
  2. Driver Drowsiness Detection.
  3. Breast Cancer Detection.
  4. Impact Of Climate Change On Global Food Supply.
  5. Chatbot.
  6. Web Traffic Time Series Forecasting.
  7. Fake News Detection.
  8. Human Action Recognition.

 

Best Ideas for Data Mining Projects Topics


  1. Voice based Intelligent Virtual Assistance for Windows.
  2. Smart Health Disease Prediction Using Naive Bayes.
  3. Chat Bot for Granite Online Ecommerce Shop.
  4. Predictive Analysis of Digital Agriculture.
  5. Food Recipes Rating System based on Emotional Analysis.
  6. Artificial Intelligence HealthCare Chatbot System.

 

List of Best ideas for Hadoop Project:


  1. Location mining from online social networks.
  2. Interference prevention of Private Attributes.
  3. Access Control in Social Networks.
  4. Proliferation of data.
  5. Streaming analytics increasing through Apache Spark and Flink.
  6. Data Analytics Increasing and increasing Cloud based Data Analytics.

 

Best Ideas for Artificial Intelligence Based Project


  1. Predict Housing Price.
  2. Enron Investigation.
  3. Stock Price Prediction.
  4. Customer Recommendation.
  5. Chatbots.
  6. Voice-based Virtual Assistant for Windows.
  7. Facial Emotion Recognition and Detection.
  8. Online Assignment Plagiarism Checker.

 

 

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RTU Computer Graphics: Important Interview Questions

We have prepared a post for rajasthan technical university, rtu computer graphics syllabus based computer graphics subject interview questions and answer. Which will help to rtu students in any interview and viva.

rtu computer graphics and multimedia

 

RTU Computer Graphics Interview Questions


A list of frequently asked RTU Computer Graphics Interview Questions and Answers are given below.

 

1) What is Computer Graphics?

Ans. Computer graphics involves display, manipulation, storage of images, and experimental information for proper visualization.

A computer graphics system consisting of

  • Host computer
  • Processor
  • Memory
  • Frame Buffer
  • Display Device
  • A set of an input device

2.) Write the properties of video display devices?

Ans. Properties of video display methods are Persistence, resolution, and aspect ratio.

 

3.) Write the essential application of computer-graphic?

Ans. Following is the application of computer graphic

  • Computer graphics is used in the range of computer-aided design.
    It is used to produce illustrations for documents or to generate slides for with projections.
  • The expert uses a combination of 3D modeling methods, texture mapping, drawing programs, and CAD software.
  • In the field of entertainment, CG techniques are now commonly used in making motion pictures. Music videos and television shows.
  • Computer-generated models of physical, financial, and economical methods are used as educational aids.

 

4) Write the difference between vector and raster graphics?

Ans. Following are the difference between vector and raster graphics:

  • Raster or Bitmap images are resolution-dependent because of this, it's not possible to increase or reduce their size without sacrificing on image quality.
  • While the vector-based display is not dependent on resolution, the range of vector image can be increased or reduced without affecting image quality.
  • Unlike a raster image, a vector picture can't be used for realistic pictures. This is because vector images are made up of solid-color areas and scientific gradients, so they can't be used to demonstrate the continuous tone of colors in a natural photograph.

 

5.) What are the advantages and disadvantages of direct view storage tubes?

Advantages:

  • Refreshing is not necessarily.
  • Without flicker, very complex images can be exhibit at very high resolution.
  • Refreshing of the screen is not needed.

Disadvantages:

  • They normally never display color.
  • Selected part of the picture never deleted.
  • It can take quite a few second for composite images while redrawing and eliminating the process.

 

6.) Define Aspect Ratio?

Ans. Aspect ratio is the ratio of the vertical points to horizontal points essential to produce equivalent length line in both direction on the screen. An aspect ratio of 3/4 defines that a vertical line plotted with three points has the same length as a horizontal lines plotted with four points.

 

7.) Differentiate between Raster and Vector Graphics?

Raster Graphics Vector Graphics
Raster graphics are consist of pixels Vector graphics are consist of paths
Raster image pixels do not include their appearance as to size increases Vector image do retain appearance regardless of estimate.
Raster graphics are not scalable Vector images are scalable

 

8.) What are the advantage and disadvantages of DDA Algorithm?

Advantage:

  • It is the most straightforward algorithm.
  • It is a faster process for calculating pixel positions.

Disadvantage:

  • Floating-point arithmetic in DDA technique is time-consuming.
    Endpoint accuracy is poor.

 

9.) Difference between DDA and Bresenham's line drawing algorithm.

Basics DDA Algorithm Bresenham's line Algorithms
Arithmetic DDA algorithm uses floating point, i.e., Real Arithmetic's. Bresenhams algorithm uses fixed point, i.e., Integer Arithmetic's.
Operations DDA algorithms uses multiplication and division in its operation. Bresenhams algorithm use only subtraction and addition in its operations.
Speed DDA algorithm is slowly than Bresenham's algorithm inline drawing because it uses real arithmetic (floating-point methods). Bresenhams algorithm is faster than the DDA algorithm inline drawing because it performs only addition and subtractions in its calculation and uses only integer arithmetic, so it runs significantly fast.
Accuracy & Efficiency DDA algorithms is not as accurate and efficient as Bresenham's algorithm. Bresenham's algorithm is much accurate than the DDA algorithms.
Drawing DDA algorithm can draw circle and curves, but which is not as accurate as Bresenhams Bresenhams algorithm can draw circle and curves with much more accuracy than DDA Algorithm.
Expensive DDA algorithm uses an excessive number of floating-point multiplications, so it is costly. Bresenhams algorithm is less costly than the DDA algorithm as it uses only addition and subtraction.

 

10.) What is Translation?

Ans. A translation is used to an object by repositioning it along a straight line path from one co-ordinate point to another. We translate a 2-D points by adding translation distance, tx, and ty, to the original coordinates position (x,y) to move the points to a new position (x', y').

x' = = x + tx
y' = y + ty.

 

11.) What is Reflection?

Ans. A Reflection is a transformation which produces a mirror display of an object. The mirror image for a 2D reflection is created relative to an axis of reflection by rotating the objects 180 degrees about the reflection axis.

 

12.) What is Shearing?

Ans. A transformation which distorts the shape of an object such that the transformed way develop as if the object were consist of internal layers that had been caused to slide over each other is known as shearing.

 

13.) What is viewing transformation?

Ans. The mapping of a component of a world-coordinate scene to device coordinates is called a viewing transformation.

 

14.) Define Clipping and Clip window.

Ans. Any method that identifies those portions of a display that are either inside or outside of a particular region of space is referred to as a clipping algorithm or simply clipping. The region against which an object is clipped is known a clip window.

 

15.) Differentiate between parallel projections from perspective projection.

Parallel Projection Perspective Projection
In parallel projection, coordinate positions are changed to the view plane along parallel lines. In perspective projection, object positions are changed to the view plane along lines that converge to a point known as a projection reference point or center of projection.
Preserves the related proportions of objects. Produce realistic vision but does not keep relative proportions.
It is used in drafting to produce scale drawings of 3Dobjects. Projections of distant objects are lower than the projections of objects of the same size that are near to the projection plane.

 

16.) What is the need for space partitioning representation?

Ans. Space partitioning representations are used to define interior methods, by partitioning the spatial domain including an object into a set of small non-overlapping, and contiguous solids. A common space partitioning description for a three object is an octree representation.

 

17.) What is the quadric surfaces?

Ans. Quadric surfaces are described with second-degree equations (quadrics). They include sphere, ellipsoids, tori, paraboloids, and hyperboloids. Spheres and ellipsoids are necessary components of graphic scenes; they are often feasible in graphics packages from which more complex object can be constructed.

 

18.) What is critical fusion frequency?

Ans. Frequency of light simulation at which it becomes perceived as a stable, continuous sensation. The frequency depends upon various factors like luminance, color, contrast, etc.

 

19.) Difference between CMY and HSV color models.

CMY Model HSV Model
A color model described with the primary colors cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) is useful for defining color output to hard-copy devices. The HSV model uses color descriptors that have a more natural appeal to the user. Color function in this model is hue (H), saturation (S) and value(V).
Hard-copy devices such as plotters produce a Color image by coating a paper with color pigments. To give color specification, a user selects a spectral color and the amounts of black and white that are to be added to obtain different shades, tints, and tones.

 

20.) What is dithering?

Ans. The name dithering is used in different contexts. Primarily, it defines techniques for approximating halftones without reducing resolutions pixel: grid patterns do. But the term is also applied to halftone approximation methods using pixel grids and sometimes it is used to define to color halftone approximation only.

Random values added to pixel intensities to breakup contours are referred to as dither noise.

 

 

Part -2: RTU Computer Graphics and Multimedia


 

21.) List out the various properties that describe the characteristics of light.

Ans.

  • Reflection
  • Refraction
  • Dispersion
  • Interference
  • Diffraction

 

22.) What is an animation?

Ans. Computer Animation usually defines any time sequence of visual transformation in a scene. In adding to the dynamic area with translations or rotations, computer-generated animations could exhibit time innovation in object dimension, color, transparency, or surface texture. Animations often transition from one object shape to another.

 

23.) Define Keyframe systems.

Ans. Key-frame systems are specialized animation languages designed to generate the in-between frames from user-specified keyframes. Each object in the scene is described as a set of rigid bodies connected at the joints and with a limited number of degree of freedom. In-between frames are generated from the specification of two or more fey frames. Motion paths can be given by kinematic description as a set of spline curves or physically based by specifying the force acting on the object to be animated.

 

24.) What is Fractals?

Ans. Fractals are those who have the property of a shape that has the same degree of roughness no matter how much it is magnified. A fractal appears the same at every scale.

 

25.) What is a Turtle Graphics Program?

Ans. Turtle Graphics is a procedure in computer graphics for programming vector graphics utilizing a relative cursor upon a Cartesian plane. Turtle graphics is a vital characteristic of the Logo Programming language.

The following functions describe the turtle.

  • Position of the turtle (x, y)
  • Title of the turtle 0 the angle from the x-axis.

 

26.) List the attributes of turtle in graphics.

  • Turtle graphics has three attributes
  • Current Position location
  • Current direction Orientation
  • Pen

 

27.) Differentiate Mandelbrot sets and Julia sets.

Mandelbrot sets Julia sets
A very famous fractal is obtained from the Mandelbrot set, which is a set of complex values z that do not diverge under squaring transformation z0=z
zk=z2k-1+z0
k=1, 2, 3.
For some functions, the boundary between those points that move towards those points that move towards infinity and those that tends toward a finite limit is a fractal. The boundary of the fractal is called the Julia set.
It is the black inner fragment, which develops to consist of a cardioid along with several wart-like circles glued to it. Its border is complicated, and this complexity can be explored by zooming in on a portion of the border Julia sets are extremely complicated sets of points in the complex plane. There is a various Julia set Jc for each value of c.

 

28.) What is the Koch curve?

Ans. The Koch curve can be drawn by separate line into 4 equal segments with scaling method 1/3., and middle 2 segments are so adapted that they form adjustment sides of an equilateral triangle.

 

29.) What are Morphing and tweening?

Ans. Transformation of object shape from one form to another is known as morphing.

Tweening is the process, which applies to animation objects defined by a sequence of points, and that change shape from frame to frame.

 

30.) What are Peano curves?

Ans. A fractal curve can fill the plane and therefore have a dimension of two. Such curves are called Peano curves.

 

31.) What is a Scripting system?

Ans. Scripting systems allow object specifications and animation sequences to be defined with a user input string. From the script, a library of different objects and motions can be constructed.

 

32.) Define refresh/frame buffer.

Ans. Picture definition is saved in a memory area known as the refresh buffer or frame buffer. This memory area keeps the set of intensity values for all the screen points.

The frame buffer is where the image generation data is stored in the method of Video Display Monitors like CRT, Raster Scan, Random Scan, LCD, LED, etc.

 

33.) What is the resolutions?

Ans. The maximum number of point that can be presented without overlap on a Cathode Ray Tube is indicated to as the resolutions.

Resolution is the number of points per centimeters which can be plotted crosswise and vertically, although it is established as the total number of points in each direction.

 

34.) Define Window and viewport.

Ans. A world-coordinate area selected for display is known as a window.

An area on the display device to which a windows is mapped is known as a viewport.

 

35.) Distinguish between window port and viewport?

Ans. A portion of a picture that is to be presented by a window is known as Window port.

The display method of the part selected or the design in which the selected element is viewed is called a viewport.

 

36.) What are blobby objects?

Ans. Some objects do not provide a fixed shape but change their surface features in certain motions or when in proximity to other objects. These objects are called as blobby objects since their shapes display a certain degree of fluidness.

 

37.) What are the Spline curves?

Ans. The name spline is a flexible strip used to generate a smooth curve through a designated set of points. In computer Graphics, the name spline curves define to any combined curve create with polynomial portions fulfilling specified continuity methods at the edge of the pieces.

 

38.) What is the advantages of B spline over Bezier curve?

Ans.

  • The degree of B-spline polynomial can be set separately of the number of control points.
  • B-Spline allows local authority over the shape of a spline curve or surface.
  • A Bezier curve is a particular polynomial task, usually either cubic or quadratic, that describes a curve that goes from point A to point B given some control points in between. A Bezier spline is a collection of n of these.

 

39.) What is a Rasterizations?

Ans. The phase of determining the appropriate pixels for representing images or graphics object is called a rasterization.

 

40.) How will you represent a curve in graphics?

Ans. The curve can be created from an input set of mathematical tasks defining the objects or from a set of user-specified points. When tasks are specified, a package can project the describing equations for a curve to the display plane and plot pixel methods along the path of the projected plane.

 

41.) Mention the uses of Chromaticity Diagram?

Ans. The chromaticity diagram is generally used to calculate a color against a gamut. The assumption is that if the chromaticity of the color distortion within the gamut line, then the color maybe copied on that device, or maybe described by that color system.

 

42.) What is interactive computer Graphics?

Ans. Interactive computer Graphics like a website, it is only beneficial if a visitor browser it and no two visitors are precisely alike. It defines the website must provide the interaction of the customer with a variety of skills, interests, and end objective. Interactive computer graphics contains the user's interaction.

 

43.) What does it mean by RGB?

Ans. RGB is a color model; it is an additive color image in which red, green, and blue lights are added composed in various methods to reproduce a broad display of colors. The term of the model comes from the labels of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue. The main objective of the RGB color model is for the sensing, defining, and display of pictures in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been utilizing in conventional photography.

 

44.) What is VDU?

Ans. A monitor or display known as a visual display unit is a portion of electrical machinery which displays images created by an appliance such as computers, without producing a permanent data. The monitor composes the display device, circuitry, and an enclosure. The display device in modern monitors is usually a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD), while previous monitors use a cathode ray tube (CRT).

 

45.) What is Projection?

Ans. The process of displaying 3D into a 2D display unit is called a projection. The projection changes 3D objects into a 2D projection plane.

 

46.) What are the advantages of electrostatic plotters?

Ans. They are quicker than pen plotters and large-quality printers.
New electrostatic plotters contain a scan-conversion capability.
Color electrostatic plotters are feasible. They make different passes over the paper to plot color images.

47.) What are the advantages of laser printers?

Ans. Large speed, precision, and economy.

  • Low-cost to maintain.
  • Quality printers.
  • Lasts for high time.
  • Toner power is very in-expensive.

 

48.) List some 3D viewing devices.

  • Stereoscopic systems
  • Virtual reality systems

 

49.) What is meant by Addressability?

Ans. Addressability is the number of particular dots per inch (d.p.i.) that can be developed. If the location of the current dot is (x, y), then the next dot will be (x + y), (x + y + 1), etc.

 

50.) What is scan-code?

Ans. When the key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboard auditor places a code import to the key pressed into a part of memory called a keyboard buffer. This code is known as the scan-code.

 

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RTU CGM (Computer Graphics And Multimedia): Q And A

We have prepared this post keeping in mind the students of Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, which is based on the syllabus of rtu cgm (computer graphics and multimedia) which is only intended to prepare the students for any kind of interview and viva.

rtu computer graphics

 

Collections of Top Questions of RTU CGM


 

1.) What is scan conversion?

Ans. A major task of the display processor is digitizing a picture definition given in an application program into a set of pixel-intensity values for storage in the frame buffer. This digitization process is called scan conversion.

 

2.) Write the properties of video display devices?

Ans. Properties of video display devices are persistence,resolution, and aspect ratio.

 

3.) What is rasterization?

Ans. The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing picture or graphics object is known as rasterization.

 

4.) Define Computer graphics.

Ans. Computer graphics remains one of the most existing andrapidly growing computer fields. Computer graphics maybe defined as a pictorial representation or graphicalrepresentation of objects in a computer.

 

5.) Name any four input devices?

Ans. Four input devices are keyboard, mouse, image scanners,and trackball.

 

6.) Write the two techniques for producing color displays with a CRT?

Ans. Beam penetration method, shadow mask method.

 

7.) What is vertical retrace of the electron beam?

Ans. In raster scan display, at the end of one frame, the electron beam returns to the left top corner of the screen to start the next frame.

 

8.) Short notes on video controller?

Ans. Video controller is used to control the operation of the display device. A fixed area of the system is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory.

 

9.) What is bitmap?

Ans. Some system has only one bit per pixel; the frame buffer is often referred to as bitmap.

 

10.) Differentiate plasma panel display and thin film electro luminescent display?

Ans. In plasma panel display, the region between two glass plates is filled with neon gas. In thin film electro luminescent display, the region between two glasses plates are filled with phosphor, such as zinc sulphide doped with manganese.

 

11.) What is resolution?

Ans. The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred to as the resolution.

 

12.) What is horizontal retrace of the electron beam?

Ans. In raster scan display, the electron beam return to the left of the screen after refreshing each scan line, is called horizontal retrace of the electron beam.

 

13.) What is filament?

Ans. In the CRT, heat is applied to the cathode by directing a current through a coil of wire, is called filament.

 

14.) What is pixel map?

Ans. Some system has multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is often referred to as pixel map.

 

15.) Write the types of clipping?

Ans. Point clipping, line clipping, area clipping, text clipping and curve clipping.

 

16.) What is meant by scan code?

Ans. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboard controller places a code carry to the key pressed into a part of the memory called as the keyboard buffer. This code is called as the scan code.

 

17.) List out the merits and demerits of Penetration techniques?

Ans. The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques areas follows. It is an inexpensive technique. It has only four colors. The quality of the picture is not good when it is compared to other techniques. It can display color scans in monitors. Poor limitation etc.

 

18.) List out the merits and demerits of DVST?

Ans. The merits and demerits of direct view storage tubes[DVST] are as follows. It has a flat screen. Refreshing of screen is not required. Selective or part erasing of screen is not possible. It has poor contrast Performance is inferior to the refresh CRT.

 

19.) What do you mean by emissive and non-emissivedisplays?

Ans. The emissive display converts electrical energy into lightenergy. The plasma panels, thin film electro-luminescent displays are the examples.The Non-emissive are optical effects to convert the sunlightor light from any other source to graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example

 

20.) List out the merits and demerits of Plasma paneldisplay?

Ans. Merits. Refreshing is not required. Produce a very steady image free of Flicker. Less bulky than a CRT.Demerits. Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i. It requires complex addressing and wiring. It is costlier than CRT.

 

21.) What is persistence?

Ans. The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its original intensity is called as persistence.

 

22. What is Aspect ratio?

Ans. The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length of lines in both directions of the screen is called the Aspect ratio. Usually the aspect ratio is ¾.

 

23.) What is the difference between impact and non-impactprinters?

Ans. Impact printer press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the paper. A line printer and dot-matrix printer are examples.Non-impact printer and plotters use Laser techniques,inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, electrostatic method sand electrothermal methods to get images onto the papers. Examples are: Inkjet/Laser printers.

 

24.) Define pixel?

Ans. Pixel is shortened forms of picture element. Each screen point is referred to as pixel or pixel.

 

25. What is frame buffer?

Ans. Picture definition is stored in a memory area called frame buffer or refresh buffer.

 

26.) Where the video controller is used?

Ans. A special purpose processor, which is used to control the operation of the display device, is known as video controller or display controller.

 

27.) What is run length encoding?

Ans. Run length encoding is a compression technique used to store the intensity values in the frame buffer, which store search scan line as a set of integer pairs. One number each pair indicates an intensity value, and second number specifies the number of adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have that intensity value.

 

28.) What is point in the computer graphics system?

Ans. The point is a most basic graphical element & is completely defined by a pair of user coordinates (x, y).

 

29.) Write short notes on lines?

Ans. A line is of infinite extent can be defined by an angle of slope q and one point on the line P=P(x,y). This can also be defined as y=mx+C where C is the Y intercept.

 

30.) Define Circle?

Ans. Circle is defined by its center xc, yc and its radius in user coordinate units. The equation of the circle is (x-xc) + (yyc)= r2.

 

31.) What are the various attributes of a line?

Ans. The line type, width and color are the attributes of the line.The line type include solid line, dashed lines, and dotted lines.

 

32.) What is anti aliasing?

Ans. The process of adjusting intensities of the pixels along the line to minimize the effect of aliasing is called anti aliasing.

 

33.) What is Transformation?

Ans. Transformation is the process of introducing changes in the shape size and orientation of the object using scaling rotation reflection shearing & translation etc.

 

34. What is translation?

Ans. Translation is the process of changing the position of an object in a straight-line path from one coordinate location to another. Every point (x , y) in the object must under go a displacement to (x|,y|). the transformation is:x| = x + tx ; y| = y+ty

 

35.) What is rotation?

Ans. A 2-D rotation is done by re positioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by:X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q + f).

 

36.) What is scaling?

Ans. A 2-D rotation is done by re positioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by:X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q + f).

 

37.) What is shearing?

Ans. The shearing transformation actually slants the object along the X direction or the Y direction as required. ie; this transformation slants the shape of an object along a required plane.

 

38.) What is reflection?

Ans. The reflection is actually the transformation that produces a mirror image of an object. For this use some angles and lines of reflection.

 

39.) What are the two classifications of shear transformation?

Ans. X shear, y shear

 

40. Name any three font editing tools.

Ans. ResEdit, FONTo grapher

 

41. Differentiate serif and sans serif fonts.

Ans. Give one example Serif fonts has a little decoration at the end of the letter,but serif font has not. Times, new century schoolbook is the examples of serif fonts. Arial, optima are examples for sanserif fonts.

42.) Distinguish between window port & view port?

Ans. A portion of a picture that is to be displayed by a window is known as window port. The display area of the part selected or the form in which the selected part is viewed is known as view port.

43.) Define clipping?

Ans. Clipping is the method of cutting a graphics display to neatly fit a predefined graphics region or the view port.

44.) What is the need of homogeneous coordinates?

Ans. To perform more than one transformation at a time, use homogeneous coordinates or matrixes. They reduce unwanted calculations intermediate steps saves time and memory and produce a sequence of transformations.

 

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RTU OOPS Paper: Object Oriented Programming Question

Rajasthan Technical University RTU Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Question Paper of 3 Semester for Computer Science And Information Technology is given below.

Paper Code: 3E1652

Subject: Data Structure and Algorithm

Branch: Computer Science & Information Technology

Year: 2015

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Data Structure and Algorithm: RTU DAA Question Paper

Rajasthan Technical University (RTU) Data Structure and Algorithm (DAA) Question Papers of 3 Semester for Computer Science And Information Technology is given below.

Paper Code: 3E1652

Subject: Data Structure and Algorithm

Branch: Computer Science & Information Technology

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RTU Fundamental of Computer Programming (FCP) Paper

Rajasthan Technical University (RTU) Question Papers of 2 Semester common for all branches subject RTU Fundamental of Computer Programming Question paper 2017 is given below.

Paper Code: 2E2006

Subject: Fundamental of Computer Programming

Year: 2017

RTU Second (2nd) Semester Fundamental of Computer Programming Question Paper

 

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RTU Advanced Java: Top 50+ Interview Questions in 2020

RTU Advanced Java Interview Questions And Answer


In this RTU Advanced Java Interview Questions ans Answer blog, I have compiled some best question and prepared the list which is the most important RTU Advanced Java Interview Questions and Answers which will set you apart in the interview process.

RTU Advanced Java Lab Viva Questions

Part -1


 

1.) Explain JDK, JRE and JVM?

 

JDK JRE JVM
It stands for Java Development Kit. It stands for Java Runtime Environment. It stands for Java Virtual Machine.
It is the tool necessary to compile, document and package Java programs. JRE refers to a runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed. It is an abstract machine. It is a specification that provides a run-time environment in which Java bytecode can be executed.
It contains JRE + development tools. It’s an implementation of the JVM which physically exists. JVM follows three notations: Specification, Implementation, and Runtime Instance.

 

Q2. Explain public static void main(String args[]) in Java.

main() in Java is the entry point for any Java program. It is always written as public static void main(String[] args).

  • public: Public is an access modifier, which is used to specify who can access this method. Public means that this Method will be accessible by any Class.
  • static: It is a keyword in java which identifies it is class-based. main() is made static in Java so that it can be accessed without creating the instance of a Class. In case, main is not made static then the compiler will throw an error as main() is called by the JVM before any objects are made and only static methods can be directly invoked via the class.
  • void: It is the return type of the method. Void defines the method which will not return any value.
  • main: It is the name of the method which is searched by JVM as a starting point for an application with a particular signature only. It is the method where the main execution occurs.
  • String args[]: It is the parameter passed to the main method.

 

Q3. Why Java is platform independent?

Java is called platform independent because of its byte codes which can run on any system irrespective of its underlying operating system.

Q4. Why Java is not 100% Object-oriented?

Java is not 100% Object-oriented because it makes use of eight primitive data types such as boolean, byte, char, int, float, double, long, short which are not objects.

 

Q5. What are wrapper classes in Java?

Wrapper classes convert the Java primitives into the reference types (objects). Every primitive data type has a class dedicated to it. These are known as wrapper classes because they “wrap” the primitive data type into an object of that class. Refer to the below image which displays different primitive type, wrapper class and constructor argument.

Q6. What are constructors in Java?
In Java, constructor refers to a block of code which is used to initialize an object. It must have the same name as that of the class. Also, it has no return type and it is automatically called when an object is created.

There are two types of constructors:

  • Default Constructor: In Java, a default constructor is the one which does not take any inputs. In other words, default constructors are the no argument constructors which will be created by default in case you no other constructor is defined by the user. Its main purpose is to initialize the instance variables with the default values. Also, it is majorly used for object creation.
  • Parameterized Constructor: The parameterized constructor in Java, is the constructor which is capable of initializing the instance variables with the provided values. In other words, the constructors which take the arguments are called parameterized constructors.

 

Q7. What is singleton class in Java and how can we make a class singleton?
Singleton class is a class whose only one instance can be created at any given time, in one JVM. A class can be made singleton by making its constructor private.

 

Q8. What is the difference between equals() and == in Java?
Equals() method is defined in Object class in Java and used for checking equality of two objects defined by business logic.

“==” or equality operator in Java is a binary operator provided by Java programming language and used to compare primitives and objects. public boolean equals(Object o) is the method provided by the Object class. The default implementation uses == operator to compare two objects. For example: method can be overridden like String class. equals() method is used to compare the values of two objects.

 

Q9. What are the differences between Heap and Stack Memory in Java?
The major difference between Heap and Stack memory are:

Features Stack Heap
Memory Stack memory is used only by one thread of execution. Heap memory is used by all the parts of the application.
Access Stack memory can’t be accessed by other threads. Objects stored in the heap are globally accessible.
Memory Management Follows LIFO manner to free memory. Memory management is based on the generation associated with each object.
Lifetime Exists until the end of execution of the thread. Heap memory lives from the start till the end of application execution.
Usage Stack memory only contains local primitive and reference variables to objects in heap space. Whenever an object is created, it’s always stored in the Heap space.

 

Q10. What is a package in Java? List down various advantages of packages.
Packages in Java, are the collection of related classes and interfaces which are bundled together. By using packages, developers can easily modularization the code and optimize its reuse. Also, the code within the packages can be imported by other classes and reused. Below I have listed down a few of its advantages:

  • Packages help in avoiding name clashes
  • They provide easier access control on the code
  • Packages can also contain hidden classes which are not
  • visible to the outer classes and only used within the package
  • Creates a proper hierarchical structure which makes it easier to locate the related classes

 

 

Part - 2


Q11. What do you think Java is platform independent?

Essentially, the core concept of Java lies in the fact that once written it can be run anywhere. More specifically, the bytecodes of Java can run on any platform, the underlying operations notwithstanding. So it is platform independent.

 

Q12. What do you mean by dynamic method dispatch?

Also known as runtime polymorphism, the name itself hints at the possible meaning. Specifically, it is a method in which the overridden method is resolved at runtime, not at compile time. More specifically, the concerned method is essentially called through a reference variable of a superclass.

 

Q13. Do you think it is feasible to override a static method in Java?

No, it is essentially impossible to override a static method in Java. Also, you cannot override a private method. At most, the programmer may create another private method with the same name as the child class.

 

Q14. What do you understand by the term multiple inheritance?

As the name itself hints, multiple inheritance is defined as the process in which a child class inherits the properties of multiple parent classes. Essentially, multiple inheritance, also known as the diamond problem, is not supported by Java.

 

Q15. What do you mean by the term Java Servlet?

A Java Servlet is defined as the server side technology which is meant to induce extension of web servers by corroboration of dynamic response and data persistence.

 

Q16. Tell us something about the prospects of session management in servlets.

A session is essentially defined as the dynamic state of random conversation between the client and the server. The essential communication channel includes a string of responses and requests from both sides. There are many ways of session management. For instance, some of the most common ones include the likes of cookie application, session management API, user authentication, HTML hidden field and URL rewriting. Typically, the most popular way of implementing session management is the employment of a session ID in the communicative discourse of the client and the server.

Q17. What do you think is the essential purpose of the JDBC ResultSet Interface?

The core purpose of the JDBC ResultSet Interface is the representation of a row in a table. Apart from that, it can also be used to alter the cursor pointer and churn info from the database.

 

Q18. Does java support global variable?
- No, java does not support global variable because of the following reasons:

  • Globally accessible : Global variables are globally accessible.
  • Referential transparency : Global variable breaks the referential transparency and also a global variable generate problem in the namespace.
  • Object oriented : As java is object oriented language so where each variable is declared inside the class. To use this variable, object should be initialized.

 

Q19. Why bytecode is important to Java?

The compiled Java source code is known as byte code. We need bytecode due to following reasons:

  • Is independent of the input language.
  • Plays an important role in the execution speed of the application.
  • Can run on any platform irrespective of system architecture.
  • Can be used for internet applications where security is important
  • Enable us to load classes which are required for the execution of the application.
  • Allows the web applications to run on various platforms, on various browsers on different infrastructures.

 

Q20. What is difference between Java and JavaScript?

The difference between java and java scripts are:

  • Java is an Object Oriented Programming Language and capable of running on multiple operating systems with the help of interpreter whereas Java Script is the object oriented scripting language and it is embedded in HTML and runs directly on the browser.
  • JVM is used to executed java program on different program whereas Java Script code is not compiled they are directly run on the browser.
  • Java language is used to develop the software whereas java script is used providing interactivity to the simple HTML pages.

 

RTU Advanced Java Part - 3


Q21. What is a java object and java application?

Java object is an object that is provided by the execution of an application. When an application is compiled an object of that application is being made. Java application on the other hand is a program that is being written in Java and being read by the Java virtual machine.

 

Q22. What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?

The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.

 

Q23. Advantages and disadvantages of Java Sockets.

Advantages of Java Sockets :

  • Sockets are flexible and easy to implemented for general communications.
  • Sockets cause low network traffic unlike HTML forms and CGI scripts that generate and transfer whole web pages for each new request.

Disadvantages of Java Sockets :

  • Socket based communications allows only to send packets of raw data between applications.
  • Both the client-side and server-side have to provide mechanisms to make the data useful in any way.

 

Q24. Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.

With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.

 

Q25. Explain different way of using thread?

The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the Thread class. The former is more advantageous, 'cause when you are going for multiple inheritance.the only interface can help.

 

Q26. What is an immutable class? How to create an immutable class?

  • Immutable class is a class which once created, it’s contents can not be changed.
  • Immutable objects are the objects whose state can not be changed once constructed.
  • Since the state of the immutable objects can not be changed once they are created they are automatically synchronized/thread-safe.
  • Immutable objects are automatically thread-safe since the state of the immutable objects can not be changed once they are created
  • All wrapper classes in java.lang are immutable, i.e. String, Integer, Boolean, Character, Byte, Short, Long, Float, Double, BigDecimal, BigInteger

 

Q27. What are pass by reference and passby value?

Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value. Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.

 

Q28. What are the difference between ArrayList and vector.

  • ArrayList is not thread-safe whereas Vector is thread-safe.
  • In Vector class each method is surrounded with a synchronized block and thus making Vector class thread-safe.
  • Both the ArrayList and Vector hold onto their contents using an Array.
  • When an element is inserted into an ArrayList or a Vector, the object will need to expand its internal array if it runs out of room.
  • A Vector defaults to doubling the size of its array, while the ArrayList increases its array size by 50 percent.

 

Q29. What is the difference between a constructor and a method?

A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class. It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new operator. A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type (which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.

 

Q30. What is the difference between multitasking and multithreading?

Multitasking includes two ways for representation :

  • Preemptive multitasking: where the system terminates the idle process without asking the user. For example: Unix/Linux, Windows NT
  • Non-preemptive multitasking: where the system ask the process to give the control to other process for execution. For example: Windows 3.1 and Mac OS 9.

Multithreading :

  • Multithreaded programs are the program that extend the functionality of the multitasking by dividing the program in thread and then execute the task as individual threads.
  • Threads run in a different area and each thread utilizes some amount of CPU and memory for execution.

 

Q31. What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?

An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. An abstract class is a class which may have the usual flavors of class members (private, protected, etc.), but has some abstract methods.

 

Q32. What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?

The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is used.

 

Q33. What is an abstract class?

Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract itself, and must be declared as such. A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from being instantiated.

 

Q34. What is static in java?

Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a class. Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as long as the original method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a nonstatic method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a subclass.

 

Q35. What is final?

A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method can't be overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable (is a constant).

 

Q36. What if the main method is declared as private?

The program compiles properly but at runtime it will give "Main method not public." message.

 

Q37. What if the static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?

Program compiles. But at runtime throws an error "NoSuchMethodError".

 

Q38. What if I write static public void instead of public static void?

Program compiles and runs properly.

 

Q39. What if I do not provide the String array as the argument to the method?

Program compiles but throws a runtime error "NoSuchMethodError".

 

Q40. What is the first argument of the String array in main method?

The String array is empty. It does not have any element. This is unlike C/C++ where the first element by default is the program name.

 

Q41. If I do not provide any arguments on the command line, then the String array of Main method will be empty or null?

It is empty. But not null.

 

Q42. How can one prove that the array is not null but empty using one line of code?

Print args.length. It will print 0. That means it is empty. But if it would have been null then it would have thrown a NullPointerException on attempting to print args.length.

 

Q43. Can an application have multiple classes having main method?

Yes it is possible. While starting the application we mention the class name to be run. The JVM will look for the Main method only in the class whose name you have mentioned. Hence there is not conflict amongst the multiple classes having main method.

 

Q44. Can I have multiple main methods in the same class?

No the program fails to compile. The compiler says that the main method is already defined in the class.

 

Q45. Do I need to import java.lang package any time? Why ?

No. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.

 

Q46. Can I import same package/class twice? Will the JVM load the package twice at runtime?

One can import the same package or same class multiple times. Neither compiler nor JVM complains abt it. And the JVM will internally load the class only once no matter how many times you import the same class.

 

Q47. What are Checked and UnChecked Exception?

A checked exception is some subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding class RuntimeException and its subclasses. Making an exception checked forces client programmers to deal with the possibility that the exception will be thrown. eg, IOException thrown by java.io.FileInputStream's read() method Unchecked exceptions are RuntimeException and any of its subclasses. Class Error and its subclasses also are unchecked. With an unchecked exception, however, the compiler doesn't force client programmers either to catch the exception or declare it in a throws clause. In fact, client programmers may not even know that the exception could be thrown. eg, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown by String's charAt() methodChecked exceptions must be caught at compile time. Runtime exceptions do not need to be. Errors often cannot be.

 

Q48. What is Overriding?

When a class defines a method using the same name, return type, and arguments as a method in its superclass, the method in the class overrides the method in the superclass. When the method is invoked for an object of the class, it is the new definition of the method that is called, and not the method definition from superclass. Methods may be overridden to be more public, not more private.

 

Q49. Are the imports checked for validity at compile time? e.g. will the code containing an import such as java.lang.ABCD compile?

Yes the imports are checked for the semantic validity at compile time. The code containing above line of import will not compile. It will throw an error saying,can not resolve symbol symbol : class ABCD location: package io import java.io.ABCD;

 

Q50. Does importing a package imports the subpackages as well? e.g. Does importing com.MyTest.* also import com.MyTest.UnitTests.*?

No you will have to import the subpackages explicitly. Importing com.MyTest.* will import classes in the package MyTest only. It will not import any class in any of it's subpackage.

 

Q51. What is the difference between declaring a variable and defining a variable?

In declaration we just mention the type of the variable and it's name. We do not initialize it. But defining means declaration + initialization.

e.g String s; is just a declaration while String s = new String ("abcd"); Or String s = "abcd"; are both definitions.

 

Q52. What type of parameter passing does Java support?

In Java the arguments are always passed by value .

 

Q53. Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value?

Primitive data types are passed by value.

 

Q54. Objects are passed by value or by reference?

Java only supports pass by value. With objects, the object reference itself is passed by value and so both the original reference and parameter copy both refer to the same object .

 

Q56. What are the different ways to handle exceptions?

There are two ways to handle exceptions, 1. By wrapping the desired code in a try block followed by a catch block to catch the exceptions. and 2. List the desired exceptions in the throws clause of the method and let the caller of the method hadle those exceptions.

 

Q57. What is the basic difference between the 2 approaches to exception handling.

1> try catch block and 2> specifying the candidate exceptions in the throws clause?

 

Q58. Is it necessary that each try block must be followed by a catch block?

It is not necessary that each try block must be followed by a catch block. It should be followed by either a catch block OR a finally block. And whatever exceptions are likely to be thrown should be declared in the throws clause of the method.

 

Q59. If I write return at the end of the try block, will the finally block still execute?

Yes even if you write return as the last statement in the try block and no exception occurs, the finally block will execute. The finally block will execute and then the control return.

 

Q60. If I write System.exit (0); at the end of the try block, will the finally block still execute?

No in this case the finally block will not execute because when you say System.exit (0); the control immediately goes out of the program, and thus finally never executes.

 

Q61. How are Observer and Observable used?

Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of observers. When an Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to notify the observers that it has changed state. The Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects.

 

 

 

RTU Software Testing Lab Interview Question and Answer

 

RTU HCI Notes: Human-Computer Interaction

What is HCI ?


HCI (human-computer interaction)

Human–computer interaction (HCI) studies the design and use of computer technology, focused on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. Researchers in the field of HCI observe the ways in which humans interact with computers and design technologies that let humans interact with computers in novel ways.

It deals with the design, execution and assessment of computer systems and related phenomenon that are for human use.

HCI can be used in all disciplines wherever there is a possibility of computer installation. Some of the areas where HCI can be implemented with distinctive importance are mentioned below −

  • Computer Science − For application design and engineering.
  • Psychology − For application of theories and analytical purpose.
  • Sociology − For interaction between technology and organization.
  • Industrial Design − For interactive products like mobile phones, microwave oven, etc.

 

Objective:


The intention of this subject is to learn the ways of designing user-friendly interfaces or interactions. Considering which, we will learn the following −

  • Ways to design and assess interactive systems.
  • Ways to reduce design time through cognitive system and task models.
  • Procedures and heuristics for interactive system design.

 

Goals of HCI


The goals of HCI are to produce usable and safe systems, as well as functional systems. In order o produce computer systems with good usability, developers must attempt to:

  • understand the factors that determine how people use technology.
  • Develop tools and techniques to enable building suitable systems
  • Achieve efficient, effective, and safe interaction
  • Put people first

 

Usability


Usability is one of the key concepts in HCI. It is concerned with making systems easy to learn and use. A usable system is:

  • Easy to learn
  • Easy to remember how to use
  • Effective to use
  • Efficient to use
  • Safe to use
  • Enjoyable to use

 

Goals for computers


Human–computer interaction studies the ways in which humans make—or do not make—use of computational artifacts, systems and infrastructures. Much of the research in the field seeks to improve human–computer interaction by improving the usability of computer interfaces. How usability is to be precisely understood, how it relates to other social and cultural values and when it is, and when it may not be a desirable property of computer interfaces is increasingly debated.

Much of the research in the field of human–computer interaction takes an interest in:

  • Methods for designing new computer interfaces, thereby optimizing a design for a desired property such as learnability, findability, efficiency of use.
  • Methods for implementing interfaces, e.g., by means of software libraries.
  • Methods for evaluating and comparing interfaces with respect to their usability and other desirable properties.
  • Methods for studying human computer use and its sociocultural implications more broadly.
  • Methods for determining whether or not the user is human or computer.
  • Models and theories of human computer use as well as conceptual frameworks for the design of computer interfaces, such as cognitivist user models, Activity Theory or ethnomethodological accounts of human computer use.
  • Perspectives that critically reflect upon the values that underlie computational design, computer use and HCI research practice.

Visions of what researchers in the field seek to achieve vary. When pursuing a cognitivist perspective, researchers of HCI may seek to align computer interfaces with the mental model that humans have of their activities. When pursuing a post-cognitivist perspective, researchers of HCI may seek to align computer interfaces with existing social practices or existing sociocultural values.

Researchers in HCI are interested in developing design methodologies, experimenting with devices, prototyping software and hardware systems, exploring interaction paradigms, and developing models and theories of interaction.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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RTU Paper – B.TECH. Exam Paper Solution

RTU Paper: Previous Year Exam Papers

Computer Science & Engineering And IT

Session: 2018-2019

3CS2-01: Advanced Engineering Mathematics

3CS1-02/4CS1-02: Technical Communication

3CS1-03/ 4CS1-03: Managerial Economics And Financial Accounting

3CS3-04: Digital Electronics

3CS4-05: Data Structures And Algorithms

3CS4-06: Object Oriented Programming

3CS4-07: Software Engineering

3CS4a Linux And Shell Programming

3CS5a Object Oriented Programming

3CS6a Advanced Engineering Mathematics

4CS2-01: Discrete Mathematics Structure

4CS1-03/3CS1-03: Managerial Economics And Financial Accounting

4CS1-02/3CS1-02: Technical Communication

4CS3-04: Microprocessor & Interfaces

4CS4-05: Database Management System

4CS4-06: Theory Of Computation

4CS4-07: Data Communication And Computer Networks

4CS1a Microprocessor And Interfaces

4CS2a Discrete Mathematical Structures

4CS3a StatistiCS & Probability Theory

4CS4a Software Engineering

4CS5a Principles Of Communication

4CS6a Principles Of Programming Languages

5CS3-01: Information Theory & Coding

5CS4-02: Compiler Design

5CS4-03: Operating System

5CS4-04: Computer Graphics & Multimedia

5CS4-05: Analysis Of Algorithms

5CS5-11: Wireless Communication

5CS5-12: Human Computer Interaction

5CS1a Computer Architecture

5CS2a Digital Logic Design

5CS3a Telecommunication Fundamentals

5CS4a Database Management Systems

5CS5a Operating Systems

5CS6.1a Advanced Data Structure

5CS6.2a Digital Signal Processing

5CS6.3a Information Theory & Coding

6CS3-01: Digital Image Processing

6CS4-02:Machine Learning

6CS4-03: Information Security System

6CS4-04: Computer Architecture And Organization

6CS4-05: Artificial Intelligence

6CS4-06: Cloud Computing

6CS5-11: Distributed System

6CS5-12: Software Defined Network

6CS5-13: Ecommerce & Erp

6CS1A Computer Networks

6CS2A Design And Analysis Of Algorithms

6CS3A Theory Of Computation

6CS4A Computer Graphics & Multimedia Techniques.

6CS5A Embedded System Design

6CS6.1A Advance Topics In Operating Systems

6CS6.2A Artificial Intelligence

6CS6.3A Human Computer Interface

7CS1A Cloud Computing

7CS2A Information System Security

7CS3A Data Mining & Ware Housing

7CS4A Computer Aided Design For Vlsi

7CS5A Compiler Construction

7CS6.1A Advance Database Management Systems

7CS6.3A Data Compression Techniques

8CS1A Mobile Computing

8CS2A Digital Image Processing

8CS3A Distributed Systems

8CS4.1A Hardware Testing And Fault Tolerance

8CS4.2A Real Time Systems

8CS4.3A Ainformation Retrieval

 

RTU Paper: Previous Year Exam Papers

Computer Science & Engineering And IT

Session 2017 - 2018

 

 

RTU Paper: Previous Year Question Papers

Computer Science & Engineering And IT

Session 2016 - 2017

 

RTU Paper: Previous Year Exam Papers

Computer Science & Engineering And IT

Session 2015 - 2016

7CS1A: Cloud Computing

 

RTU Paper: Previous Year Exam Papers

Computer Science & Engineering And IT

Session 2014 - 2015

6E3201 Computer Network

8CS1A Mobile Computing


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